A Secret Weapon for 2016 Ap Literature Essay Samples

A Secret Weapon for 2016 Ap Literature Essay Samples You'll also have to give insights regarding the distinct historical, cultural, or social context. From here on, you've got to come up with a distinctive interpretation of the way the structure contributes to the meaning. The secret to all types of synthesis is the exact same. If you're writing a background synthesis, in some instances it might be appropriate that you offer you an interpretation of the material or have a position (thesis). Also, you might be experiencing a variety of different challenges, which ultimately block you from making up well-researched English literature essay topics. You're able to have a look at the quality of literature examples for sat essay to observe the type of expert services we're referring to. That the poem is in 2nd person also raises the intimacy of the poem. In this way, the author clarifies the link between the examples and their use and meaning. This writing company makes sure their papers are all the wonderful quality and all the customers are happy. When people on the web aren't polite, they don't fret about their tone whatsoever, and it offends people. It might not be fair to discredit the services they provide, but it is essential that you get your money's worth whenever you place your purchase. If you would like to acquire high high quality research and thesis papers punctually and for a sensible price, you should probably try out using EssaySupply.com. The Unexp osed Secret of 2016 Ap Literature Essay Samples Before you may make a good study program, you will need to have a great idea of your starting point. The second point, that making connections is a sort of thinking which can be taught, can't be proven until the very first point has been sufficiently supported. On another level, it's the story of all of the actual damage that may result from seemingly innocent adventures. If you really feel as if you still need more help or you're not sure you can do it all on your own, look no more. 1 essay question will request that you provide an analysis of one text. In this type of essay, it's important that you decide on a topic that has two sides. In case the topic selection gets difficult, you may make a literature essay topic list that will aid in settling on the most appropriate topic to tackle. Attempt to make symmetry between your essay topic and the person that you are quoting. Instead, you would like to analyze the essay and ensure your claim is supported. Tie every claim you make to a bit of evidence to make sure the very best essay possible. If you're looking for top essay writing companies, try out the mentioned above. When you're writing an English essay, you have zero chance to verify your paper by another individual. The previous essay type we'll chat about is the argument essay. There are lots of essay writing services that think they're the very best, and thus don't be cheated and check the real list of the very best. There is only one difference within this prompt, and it lies within this synthesis essay you should write. There is a particular essay in the prompt that you should analyze. Because you're less inclined to be rushed or tired at the start of this section, we here at CollegeVine recommend that you finish your essay questions initially, since they are more heavily weighted in scoring. It is advised that you spend about 35 minutes on each one of the essay questions. 2016 Ap Literature Essay Samples - Is it a Scam? Doing this will enhance your AP writing. Writing at that amount of mastery demands hard work. The AP English argument FRQ has become the most straightforward of the AP English FRQs since it is the most like essays you're already utilized to writing. AP Language and Composition course is a huge deal, and your primary goal is to clearly show your capacity to produce decent analysis with an ideal structure and grammar indexes. The Reader might start to suspect that the student is simply attempting to bluff their way through the question. It is a larger question than students are accustomed to encountering on an AP test. To score no less than a 3, students would be smart to take advantage of pertinent references from the text. While your best students may not need them, less able students may find them useful methods to commence. 2016 Ap Literature Essay Samples - What Is It? You may discover extra practice questions in the program description, and more free-response questions can be seen on AP Central. Additionally, all the hints you receive have been specifically created to provide nothing short of the essential information which you require. Your exam is broken into portions. A complete practice exam together with study materials are available here.

My Philosophy Of Education And Education - 1038 Words

My Philosophy of Education When trying coming up with a personal philosophy of education, I had to ask myself what the purpose of education is. To me, the purpose of education is to teach students knowledge that is needed to make it through school and to succeed in the world after graduation. Anyone can go into teaching, but not every teacher can teach. Teachers go above and beyond to introduce methods, philosophies, and strategies to help their students learn, as well as, retain the information. The type of method that I plan to use in the classroom would be the inquiry-based method. The reason I chose this type of method is because it is hands-on, and I myself learn this way. On the first day of class, I will do a survey with the students to find out what types of learners they are. All students learn differently. For example: VAK learning styles, which are Visual, Auditory, and Kinesthetic. In order for me to have a mental note of how the students learn, I will seat them in groups based on which type of learner they are. This way I can make sure I apply different learning techniques in my teaching. When doing group work, I will mix the groups up with the different learners, so that they can be introduced to the other ways of learning as well. I believe in the Progressivism Philosophy, which considers that the views of nature are ever changing. This type of philosophy helps the children to develop problem solving abilities. When the students come across a challenge, theyShow MoreRelatedMy Philosophy Of Education As A Education864 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent philosophy of education, and what purpose education serves in a child’s life. The five philosophies of education that we recognize are: Essentialism, Perennialism, Progressivism, Social Reconstructionism, and Existentialism. I would most recognize my philosophy of education as Essentialism. Essentialism has been a dominant influence in American education since World War II. It focuses on core curriculum of traditional academic topics. I believe that the purpose of education is teachingRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education And Education864 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosophy of Education Children are the future and their education is the key to our society’s success. When considering this, I realize I have an immense responsibility as an educator. The main focuses of my teaching are active learning, building character within students, and providing meaningful curriculum. I want to create a comfortable setting where every student feels safe to learn. In many ways, my philosophy agrees with the holistic approach to education. I feel this challenges the studentRead MoreMy Philosophy of Education824 Words   |  4 Pages13 February 2011 My Philosophy of Education I believe that progressivism educational philosophy most closely matches my educational ideals. In my opinion based on the progressivism educational philosophy, the purpose of education is to enable students to learn useful knowledge that has meaning to them in the future. Thus, the most useful education for students is the skill of â€Å"learning how to learn†. When students understand the methodsRead MoreMy Philosophy On The Philosophy Of Education844 Words   |  4 PagesIn mathematics, as in life, everything must be brought to the simplest of terms. I base my teaching philosophy on the foundation that every student is capable of learning mathematics. I will strive, as a teacher, to ensure that my students are able to have a strong foundation of mathematical skills when they leave my classroom. Some students believe that they are not mathematically gifted; therefore, incapable of learning mathematics. I believe to the contrary, all students with motivation, sustainedR ead MoreMy Education Philosophy 1511 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Mission Statement Education is the imparting and acquiring of knowledge and skills through teaching and learning. As an educator, my personal mission statement is to master my subject area in order to serve as a role model for my students thereby producing students who thoroughly understand the subject matter, and who develop holistically. In order to achieve this goal I must have a set education philosophy with a strong Christian worldview. I must also have a general understanding of theRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education1056 Words   |  5 PagesPhilosophy of Student Engagement My philosophy of education is that every child should receive high quality education that is inclusive, relevant and meaningful to their life. I am a firm believer of making pedagogy relatable to my students. My vision is driven by my personal experiences with the American school system. I was what is thought of as â€Å"A child at risk†. I am an immigrant, black, Muslim student. My life is transactional as I am a part of multiple marginalized groups. Most of my teachersRead MoreMy Philosophy On Philosophy Of Education852 Words   |  4 PagesMy Philosophy of Education My philosophy of education is founded on a belief that all students have a desire to learn and to feel accepted. Learning takes place when students are able to have their specific needs meet inside the classroom, to feel accepted in the environment, and find the learning to be meaningful. I believe that before learning can take place a proper educational environment must be present inside the classroom. In order to make any classroom work I believe you need meet three criteriaRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education1015 Words   |  5 Pagesimmediately sparked my interest in becoming an educator and share my personal beliefs on the important aspects of education. In addition to this, I will present various traits I believe are essential and critical for teachers to successfully fulfill their role as an educator. During my elementary years, I developed an urge to frequently ask many questions during the school day. Being able to question anything was astonishing to me. This was because my parents were unable to answer my questions and helpRead MoreMy Philosophy on Education814 Words   |  3 PagesMy Philosophy of Education I think when I made the decision to become a teacher I was not thinking the seriousness of this decision. When we become teachers we also become the molder that will shape our student to be successful in life. But when you decide to become a teacher in a Christian school you are not only shaping this student to be successful in life but we are also shaping their Christian mind to do things with a feeling knowing that they are shape and where made by the image of GodRead MoreMy Educational Philosophy : My Philosophy Of Education1006 Words   |  5 Pagesnation’s future citizens will require that I outline my own ideology about America’s education system. The following philosophy of education will be comprised of the analyzation of knowledge, teaching, and democratic equality in relation to purposes of the education. Knowledge, the comprehension of a subject or concept, is at the core of the educational experience. This attainment of this knowledge should be the desired result of compulsory education, where each individual has a strong understanding

Employee Perceptions on Motivating Factors

Question: Discuss about the Employee Perceptions on Motivating Factors. Answer: Introduction: This report proposal mainly focuses on the factors that motivate the employees working at the government sector in UAE. Motivation can be defined as the reason for the behavior of the people. There are various factors or elements that can motivate people differently and impact of these factors totally depends upon the personality of the individual. Motivation is very much essential for the employees to provide the organization with the effective performance. Thus, the management of the organizations needs to implement some of the strategies that help the employees to feel motivated towards their work and achievement of the objectives (Abu Dhabi World Online, 2017). This is because the achievements of the objectives by the employees in turn help the organization to attain its ultimate goals of success. The purpose of conducting research on this topic is to analyze those factors or the motivators that motivate the employees of the government organization in UAE to perform. The governme nt organization has been focused in the report because it is difficult to motivate the government employees. Media and the people have portrayed the image of government employees as overpaid and underworked. It has been determined that most of the people think that the employees in the government organizations do not work. It would be very interesting to research about this topic in order to explore the actual truth of the government organization as well as to know about those factors that can force the employees in the government sector to perform (Aguinis, 2014). In the private sector companies, it is the responsibility of the management of the company to look after the needs of the employees and to develop the strategies that can help them to be motivated about their work. However, in the government sector, the government of the country and the state is responsible for making such strategies so that government employees can be inspired to perform. One of the initiatives taken by the government is Happiness mission. This research also explores the impact on this mission over the motivation of the government employees as well as on their happiness level (Askary, Kukunuru and Pech, 2014). Key research questions: Every research has been conducted in order to answer the questions associated with the research topic. According to the topic of this research, there are some of the questions that need to be answered at the end of the research. The key research questions are: Why government sector employees have been portrayed as overpaid and underworked? What are the factors that can motivate them to enhance their performance? What is the role of Happiness mission? All the above stated questions are clearly linked with the topic of the research. The answer of these questions will provide the clear picture of the government sector organizations and the efficiency of their policies to keep their employees motivated (Blackstone, n.d.). Role of happiness mission is also included in the research questions because it plays a major role in the life of the people in UAE. Literature review: It is a fact that managing the employees in private sector companies is very much different from that of the employees in government sector. There can be various reasons for this, such as the environment of the organization as well as the policies. This difference forces the management of both the types of the organization to work differently. In case of the government organizations, it is mandatory for the management or the government to make the policies those results in more engagement of the employees. It has been analyzed by the study that there are many factors that affect the employee engagement of the government sector employees towards their work. Also, these factors restrict the motivation of the employees to work (Cowley and Smith, 2014). The major factor that has been identified is the critics of the government and the government employees. These critics such as media and the politicians criticize the work of the government on the throne. The opposition political parties play a major role in bringing down the image of the government policies and functioning of the public organizations. These types of criticism affect the morale of the employees to work in negative way. This issue can be resolved by encountering the positive aspects of the government organizations and informing the government employees that their work is affecting the public of their country. The higher authorities of the government organization can educate the employees about their power of changing the public opinions that is not there with the private sector employees (Harvard Business Review, 2017). It has been researched out that when the general public have interaction with government servants results in positive outcome, they have positive image of the government organizations and vice versa. This depicts that the performance of the employees is very essential to make the image of the government organizations. The need of hour is to give proper knowledge to the government sect or employees about their duties towards public and at the same time public also have to develop trust amongst them for the government organizations that are working for their benefit (Tria and Valotti, 2012). Another reason that has been identified with regard to poor performance of government employees is the change in leadership or the frequent changes in the leadership. The sudden and frequent changes in the leadership in the public sector organizations result in change in policies of the organization and thus affect the performance of the employees (Ibrahim and Al Falasi, 2014). This is because employees take so much time to understand the policies. One of the most important factors that restrict the motivation of the people is poor goal setting. There is no goal setting criteria for the employees as the government organization has long term goals towards the nation so it is difficult to break those goals into smaller objectives. This results in non-involvement of the employees to achieve the goals as they do not have proper path to follow to achieve the same. It is mandatory for the government organizations to modify their organizational structure and policies in such a way that assi st the employees to achieve their targets. The employees should be penalized for not achieving the targets and also should be rewarded if perform efficiently. Both these strategies will motivate the employees to work and give their best in the organization. There is need to develop competition (Ismail and Ahmed, 2015). The government needs to implement such strategies that can help the employees to feel motivated. This can be done by involving them in decision making process and hiring the people that are already motivated with the public sector agenda rather than hiring the people who do not wants to work and earn handsome salaries (Williams, 2005). In UAE, government has taken initiative to develop motivation among the government employees by implementing the Happiness mission programs in the country that aims at developing happy society in the country. Studies revealed that happy people stay healthy, work efficiently and live longer lives. This statement suggests that if the employees at workplace stay happy, they perform effectively. In UAE, a happiness minister has been appointed who is responsible for developing the policies and strategies so that the society and the employees at public and private sector organization remain happy. The vision and mission of this program suggests that UAE wants to be the part of top countries that have happy society (Kearney and Berman, 2009). The government wants to make happiness and positivity as the lifestyle of the people at UAE and also implement it at the government sector organizations. The major objectives of this plan are to harmonize the policies of the government in order to spre ad happiness and positivity in the society. This plan aims at developing the policies that incentivize the public and the private sector organization so that employees of the organizations feel happy and motivated to work. It not only works at spreading happiness to society but it is about implementing the strategies and the legislation related to happiness at the workplace also. Another concern of the government is to measure the level of happiness in the government entities. As far as the motivational factors of the employees are considered, it has been analyzed that the employees want work-life-balance as the major factors (Lavigna, 2013). However, analyzing the situation of the government sector, it has been realized that training and development can be considered as the key factor to motivate the employee to work and perform effectively. This is because government sector is filled with old and aged people and thus they do not have any idea about the new and latest technological processes. This in turn restricts them to work effectively if compared to the private sector people who are very much acknowledged with the latest technological systems. Methodology: According to the early studies and the analysis, it has been determined that the motivational factors can be identified by assessing the policies and the strategies at the government organizations in UAE. The employees are the best source of information. It is essential to acquire the information from the employees at all the level so that clear picture of the situation at the government organization can be assessed. It is the process that provides the in depth knowledge of the topic. Employees can easily discus their issues and the correct situation at the workplace. The idea of questioning the employees of different level provides the information from every end so that the research can be accurately conducted (Ljungholm, 2014). The research that would be descriptive in nature because assessing the policies also requires lots of article readings. Exploratory research would also be used so as to explore the ideas to motivate the employees of the government sector and to assess the impact of the factors that restricts the motivation of the employees to perform. Exploratory research can be defined as the research type in which ideas have been explored and the cause and effect relationship has been studied. As far as the data collection method has been considered, the first method that has been used is questionnaire to the employees. Questionnaire is the set of questions that need to be answered by the associated people. These questions are made in relevancy with the problem or the question of the research. It should be made in such a way that it can cover all the aspect and can clearly analyze to answer the research questions (McFarlane, 2017). This is considered the primary source of information. The secondary source of information is articles and the news published in newspaper or the magazines. The data from these sources can be used to determine the outcomes of the research. Qualitative approach of research is the best to conduct the research for the above stated topic, this is because motivational factors of the employee performance cannot be measured in quantity but the intensity of the employee satisfaction at the workplace can be assessed. More the satisfaction of the employee at the workplace happier they would be (Mone and London, 2014). The outcomes of the research are the statements that answer the questions of the research that are framed at the initial phase of the report (Razack and Upadhyay, 2017). Outcomes should be relevant to the topic as well as the questions. After conducting the whole research, it has been analyzed that there are many factors that restrict the motivation of the government employees to perform at the workplace. Some of the factors are the criticism of the ruling party government by the opposition that lowers down the morale of the government employee to work, the change in the leadership at the higher level of the management in the organizations and the untrained staff in the government organizations. It is the need of hour to educate them about their responsibility towards public and to make them realize the importance of their power. After assessing the happiness mission of Abu Dhabi, it has been identified that the goal of this program has great impact on the lifestyle of the pope and t he society in UAE. The government has made many initiatives and policies to spread happiness among the people as well as among the employees in private and public sector organization (KhaleejTimes, 2017). This is because happy people work more efficiently than the people who are not happy. This section of the report discuses or provide the description about the time scale or the duration required to complete the tasks related to the research. To allocate the time to the tasks it is necessary to breakdown the research work into smaller sections. The report starts with understanding the background of the topic that has been selected to be researched (Rollo, 2009). This requires around 5-6 hours reading out the study materials that provides the idea related to the topic. It is not only the topic that is required to be studied but study of the research format is also mandatory to conduct the research sequentially. Exploration of the information regarding the topic results in generation of some kind of questions and the issues (The Big Story, 2017). These issues can be framed as the research questions. Research question should be framed in such a way that it clearly defines the issues that the researcher wants to research about. A researcher should give around 3-4 hours in farming the questions that are most relevant to the study and the research topic. Framing the questions helps in providing the outline of the study. Some of the authentic sources need to be studied in order to extract the data and the information related to the research. These sources can be literature reviews. These literature reviews assist in extracting and assessing different aspects of the topic that results in answering the questions and the issues related to the research topic. Reading the literature reviews that are relevant to the topic requires around 40-48 hours (Tracy, 2013). This is the most crucial part of conducting the research because it provides most of the knowledge about the topic. Reading different literature and linking them together to derive the final conclusion is also a hectic task that requires full concentration and takes around 24 hours to do the same. To access the primary data different data collection method has been used and it also takes time of aro und a week. So, if the overall time scale is observed, it has been identified that around 10-11 days is required to conduct a research at this level. References: Abu Dhabi World Online. (2017).NEWS: Smile! UAE on global mission to find the secret of happiness - Abu Dhabi World. Available at: https://www.adwonline.ae/news-smile-uae-on-global-mission-to-find-the-secret-of-happiness/ Accessed on: 23 Mar. 2017 Aguinis, H. (2014).Performance management. Boston: Pearson Education Limited. Askary, S., Kukunuru, S. and Pech, R., 2014. An assessment of employee commitment to work among UAE nationals.International Journal of Business Excellence,7(1), pp.1-15. Blackstone, W. (n.d.).Commentaries on the laws of England. Cowley, E. and Smith, S., 2014. Motivation and mission in the public sector: evidence from the World Values Survey.Theory and decision,76(2), pp.241-263. Harvard Business Review. (2017).Why Government Workers Are Harder to Motivate. Available at: https://hbr.org/2014/11/why-government-workers-are-harder-to-motivate, Accessed on: 23 Mar. 2017 Ibrahim, M. and Al Falasi, S., 2014. Employee loyalty and engagement in UAE public sector.Employee Relations,36(5), pp.562-582. Ibrahim, M.E. and Perez, A.O., 2014. Effects of organizational justice, employee satisfaction, and gender on employees' commitment: evidence from the UAE.International Journal of Business and Management,9(2), p.45. Ismail, A.Z. and Ahmed, S., 2015. Employee Perceptions on Reward/Recognition and Motivating Factors: A Comparison between Malaysia and UAE. Kearney, R. and Berman, E. (2009).Public Sector Performance. New York: Westview Press. Lavigna, R.J., 2013.Engaging Government Employees: Motivate and Inspire Your People to Achieve Superior Performance. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Ljungholm, D.P., 2014. Intrinsic motivation among public sector workers.Geopolitics, History and International Relations,6(2), p.7. McFarlane, N. (2017).The UAE's Minister of Happiness talks about her mission - What's On Dubai. What's On Dubai. Available at: https://whatson.ae/dubai/2016/03/the-uaes-minister-of-happiness-talks-about-her-mission/ Accessed on: 23 Mar. 2017. Mone, E. and London, M. (2014).Employee Engagement Through Effective Performance Management. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Razack, S.S.K. and Upadhyay, D., (2017) Employee Perception of Performance Management Systems in the UAE: An Analysis. KhaleejTimes (2017).UAE 20th 'happiest nation' on global happiness index - Khaleej Times. Khaleejtimes.com. Available at: https://www.khaleejtimes.com/nation/general/uae-20th-happiest-nation-on-global-happiness-index Accessed on: 23 Mar. 2017 Rollo, J. (2009).Performance management. [Salem, NH]: Goal/QPC. The Big Story. (2017).UAE's Happiness Minister wants to see more positive stories. Available at: https://bigstory.ap.org/article/b4b0fc423aee4b67ab6894ee80f28440/uaes-happiness-minister-wants-see-more-positive-stories Accessed on: 23 Mar. 2017 Tracy, B. (2013).Motivation. New York: AMACOM. Tria, G. and Valotti, G. (2012).Reforming the public sector. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. Williams, A. (2005).Flexible working. London: Thorogood.

The Adaptation of Shakespeares Play A Midsummer Nights Dream

The play A Midsummer Night’s Dream was written by William Shakespeare during the 16th century. This play can be discussed as the comedy which is based on the magic plot referred to the humorous and fairy-tale adventures of the main characters in Athens. It is important to note that a play has the most important impact on the audience when it is performed on stage. Today, film adaptations can also be discussed as the variants of the plays’ production.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Adaptation of Shakespeare’s Play: A Midsummer Night’s Dream specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From this point, it is necessary to refer to the most vivid film adaptation of the play realized by Michael Hoffman in 1999. To analyze the play or its adaptation, a person should refer to the approaches proposed by the German playwright Johann Wolfgang Goethe and the Greek philosopher Aristotle in order to discu ss the aspects of the play and its success. On the one hand, the analysis of the play’s text cannot reflect the real meaning or idea based on the author’s intention without references to the real performance on stage. On the other hand, the vision of the director can also affect the audience’s vision of the play and its idea significantly. That is why, it is important to balance these positions while analyzing the play A Midsummer Night’s Dream with references to Hoffman’s film. A Midsummer Night’s Dream (1999) is the vivid and expressive film adaptation of the classic Shakespeare’s play which is characterized by bright pictures and the accentuated comic component to emphasize the farce of the story. According to Aristotle’s viewpoint, there are six significant elements in the play which should be discussed in detail in order to analyze it effectively. These elements are the plot, thought, character, diction, spectacle, and son g (Downs, Wright, and Ramsey 88-89). Focusing on the play, it is important to determine several lines of the plot which include the stories of relationships between Lysander, Hermia, Demetrius, and Helena, between King Oberon and Queen Titania, between Duke Theseus and Hippolyta. All these plot lines are closely connected guaranteeing the complex and interesting net development in the play. The element of thought is presented in the play with references to the moral ideals which are followed by different characters. Thus, the plot development depends on the progress of the characters’ complicated relations which are reflected in their love for each other, affection, and even hate and revenge. Referring to the play’s characters, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that Hoffman’s interpretation of the characters differs from Shakespeare’s original descriptions (A Midsummer Night’s Dream). Thus, Hoffman’s characters are more comic and inconsistent in their actions, they are too expressive and even grotesque, and their actions and ideas are exaggerated. In spite of the fact that the film is based on the play appropriately, and Shakespeare’s words are followed strictly, there are some details which are added to adapt the play to the director’s vision of the play’s world. From this perspective, the diction in the form of pathetic speeches is adapted according to the play’s mood and new features acquired by the characters.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, Titania is the most pathetic in the film because of her status and attitude to the partials and situation. Furthermore, the role of Puck’s trickery is also emphasized in the context of its impact of the characters, their behaviours, and associated diction presented in Shakespeare’s play, but changed with references t o the presentation of more ridiculous facts and situations. Analyzing the play’s spectacle, it is important to note that the action of the play is performed not in Athens, but in Italy during the 19th century. This fact influences the pictures provided in the film, their connection to reality, the characters’ usage of bicycles and their attitudes to each other. However, the illustrations of the magic forest reflect the play’s text appropriately to draw the attention to the imaginative world. The music by Felix Mendelssohn and operatic elements included into the film are helpful to create the specific fairy-tail world of the film with the focus on romantic plot lines. Goethe’s approach to the analysis of the play depends on more general discussion of the play’s elements. In the 18th-19th centuries, Goethe proposed to concentrate on what an artist could try to do, on the effectiveness of his techniques, and on the overall importance of the play as th e work of art (Downs, Wright, and Ramsey 89). The purpose of A Midsummer Night’s Dream (1999) is to provide the comic effect in its connection with the people’s feelings and their ability to follow their passion without hesitation. If Shakespeare achieves this goal with the help of accentuating controversies in the characters’ behaviours, the film’s author focuses on exaggerating the effects of mad love and self-assurance (A Midsummer Night’s Dream). Although the original variants of the play and its adaptation of 1999 differ in details and shifted focuses, the play and film are worth seeing and discussing by the audience because the authors’ intention to emphasize the magic world of people’s feelings is realized effectively. Thus, A Midsummer Night’s Dream is an important play which is interesting for the audience because of its deep idea and focus on the people’s inner world in combination with the vivid pictures of ma gic and comic world. Works Cited A Midsummer Night’s Dream. Ex. Prod. Michael Hoffman. USA: Regency Enterprises. 1999. DVD. Downs, William Missouri, Lou Anne Wright, and Erik Ramsey. The Art of Theatre: A Concise Introduction. USA: Cengage Learning, 2011. Print.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Adaptation of Shakespeare’s Play: A Midsummer Night’s Dream specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on The Adaptation of Shakespeare’s Play: A Midsummer Night’s Dream was written and submitted by user Tenebrous to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Why, in Tocquevilles view, wa essays

Why, in Tocquevilles view, wa essays The French Revolution sought to destroy entirely the institutions of the ancien rgime. Whilst its success in doing so is debatable, there is little doubt that this was the aim of the revolutionaries. The reasons for this goal are numerous, but certainly their ambition for destruction is linked in some way to the state of feudalism immediately before the Revolution, for the nobility continued to enjoy the trappings of feudalism, without experiencing the responsibilities. The improving conditions in France for the bourgeoisie and the peasantry also played a part in the violently destructive nature of the Revolution, because they became more aware of the injustices of the system. The state also had a role to play, in teaching the masses just how corrupt the regime was. In the old regime, la fodalit tait demeure la plus grande de toutes nos institutions civiles en cessant dà ªtre une institution politique. The prerogatives of the lord remained and the peasant still felt the burden of feudal dues thus feudalism remained a civil institution. However, the power and authority of the lord over the peasant was curbed considerably by the growth of administrative centralisation, for a central authority seriously restricted the lords jurisdictional powers. Furthermore, the French peasant was now a landowner, with a fierce passion for his potential to expand and for his independence. He saw only oppression, but as the lord abandoned his traditional protectoral role, he received no benefits from it. Feudal dues represented a former degradation, and the legitimacy of the lords power was no longer believed in. Therefore, feudalism did not remain a political institution. Quand la noblesse possde non seulement des privileges, mais des pouvoirs, quand elle gouve rne et administer, ses droits particuliers peuvent à ªtre tout la fois plus grands et moins aper...

How to Make an Inference in 5 Easy Steps

How to Make an Inference in 5 Easy Steps We all have to take those standardized tests where youre presented with a large passage of text and must work your way through the multiple-choice problems that follow. Most of the time, youll get questions asking you to find the main idea, determine the authors purpose, understand vocabulary in context, figure out the authors tone, and, the topic at hand, make inferences. For many people, understanding how to make an inference is the toughest part of the reading passage, because an inference in real life requires a bit of guessing. On a multiple-choice test, however, making an inference comes down to honing a few reading skills like these listed below. Read them, then practice your new skills with the inference practice problems listed below. What exactly is an inference? Step 1: Identify an Inference Question First, youll need to determine whether or not youre actually being asked to make an inference on a reading test. The most obvious questions will have the words suggest, imply or infer right in the tag like these: According to the passage, we can reasonably infer...Based on the passage, it could be suggested that...Which of the following statements is best supported by the passage?The passage suggests that this primary problem...The author seems to imply that†¦ Some questions, however, will not come right out and ask you to infer. Youll have to actually infer that you need to make an inference about the passage. Sneaky, huh? Here are a few that require inferencing skills, but dont use those words exactly. With which of the following statements would the author most likely agree?Which of the following sentences would the author most likely use to add additional support to paragraph three? Step 2: Trust the Passage Now that youre certain you have an inference question on your hands, and you know exactly what an inference is, youll need to let go of your prejudices and prior knowledge and use the passage to prove that the inference you select is the correct one. Inferences on a multiple-choice exam are different from those in real life. Out in the real world, if you make an educated guess, your inference could still be incorrect. But on a multiple-choice exam, your inference will be correct because youll use the details in the passage to prove it. You have to trust that the passage offers you the truth in the setting of the test and that one of the answer choices provided is correct without stepping too far outside the realm of the passage. Step 3: Hunt for Clues Your third step is to start hunting for clues – supporting details, vocabulary, characters actions, descriptions, dialogue, and more – to prove one of the inferences listed below the question. Take this question and text, for example: Reading Passage: The widow Elsa was as complete a contrast to her third bridegroom, in everything but age, as can be conceived. Compelled to relinquish her first marriage after her husband died in the war, she married a man twice her years to whom she became an exemplary wife despite their having nothing in common, and by whose death she was left in possession of a splendid fortune, though she gave it away to the church. Next, a southern gentleman, considerably younger than herself, succeeded to her hand, and carried her to Charleston, where, after many uncomfortable years, she found herself again a widow. It would have been remarkable if any feeling had survived through such a life as Elsas; it could not but be crushed and killed by the early disappointment of her first grooms demise, the icy duty of her second marriage, and the unkindness of her third husband, which had inevitably driven her to connect the idea of his death with that of her comfort. Based on the information in the passage, it could be suggested that the narrator believes Elsas prior marriages to be:A. uncomfortable, but well-suited to ElsaB. satisfactory and dull to ElsaC. cold and damaging to ElsaD. awful, but worth it to Elsa To find clues that point to the correct answer, look for descriptions that would support those first adjectives in the answer choices. Here are some of the descriptions of her marriages in the passage: †¦she became an exemplary wife despite their having nothing in common†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦after many uncomfortable years, she found herself again a widow.†¦the icy duty of her second marriage and the unkindness of her third husband which had inevitably driven her to connect the idea of his death with that of her comfort. Step 4: Narrow Down the Choices The last step to making a correct inference on a multiple-choice test is to narrow down the answer choices. Using the clues from the passage, we can infer that nothing much was satisfactory to Elsa about her marriages, which gets rid of Choice B. Choice A is also incorrect because although the marriages certainly seem uncomfortable based on the clues, they were not well-suited to her as she had nothing in common with her second husband and wanted her third husband to die. Choice D is also incorrect because nothing is stated or implied in the passage to prove that Elsa believed her marriages to be worth it in some way; in fact, we can infer that it wasnt worth it to her at all because she gave away the money from her second husband. So, we have to believe that Choice C is the best – the marriages were cold and damaging. The passage states explicitly that her marriage was an icy duty and her third husband was unkind. We also know that they were damaging because her feelings had been crushed and killed by her marriages. Step 5: Practice To get really good at making inferences, youll need to practice making your own inferences first, so start with these free inference practice worksheets.

Compare and contrast two artworks of the 19th century Essay

Compare and contrast two artworks of the 19th century - Essay Example On the other hand, Paul Cezanne used Madame Cezanne’s portrait to express classical calm and ultimate simplicity. In the portrait, Cezanne does not capture the social status of his wife and therefore there is nothing to express her status as a model, lines and other artistic features are used to express emotional distance (Athanassouglou-Kallmyer, and Provence 234). This essay will give a brief biography of both artists and expound on similarities and differences of Comtesse de La Tour-Maubourg and Madame Cezannes portraits as mediums of expression. Theodore Chasseriau was born in Samana Dominican republic and his family moved to Paris when he was the age of three. His artworks have been influenced by Ingres and therefore his paintings, drawings and styles exhibited in his finished works are relatively close to the works of Ingres. Chasseriau started working at the Master’s Studio at the age of eleven where he met Ingres and continued working until Ingres left to lead t he Academic de France in Rome in 1834. Through his brother’s connections, he was able to draw portraits of elites in both the church and the state and his works were easily accepted in the society. He started producing his artworks in 1836 and moved to Rome in 1841 to join his mentor Ingres. Chasseriau’s greatest artworks were the Othello etchings in 1844 and a trip to Algeria exposed him to Orientals subjects that he was learning and was interested in exploring in the field of art. After his death, the staircase for Cour-des-Comptes that symbolized war and peace were destroyed by fire in 1846. Paul Cezanne was born in 1839 in Aix-en-Provence in France in a well-off family that assured his financial stability and supported him in his artistic works, an advantage that was missed by most artists of the time. Cezannes father wanted him to study law and he was forced to study Law at the University of Aix. However, he inherited a vivacious and romantic touch from his mother , and in 1857 he went for drawing classes under Joseph Gilbert at the Free Municipal School of Drawing at Aix. Because of a strong desire to pursue his passion, Cezanne went against his father’s wishes and under the encouragement of Zola, delved into artistic works, and moved to Paris where he developed his artistic skills, through the mentorship of Camille Pissarro. In his early works, Cezannes paintings were majorly large heavy figures in the landscape that were painted through imagination. However, as he developed, he advanced to working and painting from direct observation and this culminated into a light airy painting style. He struggled to create a connection between his observations and classical compositions. The Comtesse de La Tour-Maubourg portrait is symmetrical, with its proper positioning and proportional utilization of space allowing the artist to fix the background and other natural features in a proper proportion and distance in reference to the subject. On th e other hand, the portrait of Madame Cezanne in a red dress her posture sitting on the yellow chair and the details of wall bring out a very symmetrical relation of the different features that have been captured. The Primary colors, which are blue, red and yellow, are used to bring

Voting Rights and the United States Supreme Court Essay

Voting Rights and the United States Supreme Court - Essay Example When the United States Constitution was ratified in 1788, suffrage was not discussed in the text, except by reference to the age of qualification to hold certain office, and by mention of the census, for which Native Americans were excluded and African Americans were to be counted as three-fifths of a white man for the purpose of this head count. The management of elections was a right given over exclusively to the States (The Constitution, Art. 1, Sec. 4). It was left to the Bill of Rights, Article 9, Section 2, to specify that voting was only for white males over twenty-one years of age. The Constitution’s lack of specifics left the States to establish their own brand of voting rights, or non-rights in most cases. Religion was a common restriction on suffrage, including holding Office of any kind. Delaware’s Constitution denied Jews, Quakers and Catholics the right to vote or hold office by providing an oath to be taken before voting. Said oath required one to profess a Christian belief in specific way (Delaware Constitution). There were no cases addressing this issue brought before Chief Justice John Jay during the first term at the Supreme Court and the religious prohibitions stayed in place until 1810 with no help from the Court (U.S. Voting Rights). In fact, it wasn’t until 1810 that the Supreme Court found any State law unconstitutional (Fletcher). The U.S. Constitution, Article 3, states, â€Å"(t)he judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court and in such inferior courts that the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.† Couple this with the fact that the Court consists of nine judges, not elected but appointed by the President of the United States for a lifetime term, and there is created a body that may pick and choose which cases to hear and through which they impact the lives of everyone living under its jurisdiction. The Court is loathe to decide a case on constitutional grounds w hen there are other issues that will decide the case, a well established principle according to the Court in Escambia. Thus there may have been many voter rights cases we have never heard about simply because the Supreme Court would not rule on a State’s right to set out its own voting guidelines and disenfranchise certain types of citizens. There is a dearth of cases dealing with voting rights issues for the first fifty years of the court’s existence. It wasn’t until Williams v. Mississipi, decided in 1898, that the Supreme Court specifically address a constitutional challenge to a State’s voting restrictions and the court found no discrimination in a poll tax nor a literacy test. It took an Act of Congress to fill in some of the gaps. Legislative response was to pass the Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution and provide that the right to vote could not be denied a citizen based on â€Å"race, color or previous condition of servitude.† It was pr oposed in 1868 and ratified in 1870 as a direct response to Reconstruction Era politics that pitted some (mainly Southern) States against the Federal Government. Congress spoke and the right to vote in elections was open to all adult males aged twenty-one and over. However, the States were finding ways around the literal interpretation of the Fifteenth Ame

The Psychological Perspectives Essay Example for Free

The Psychological Perspectives Essay A perspective is basically a view that includes specific assumptions about human behaviour. Contemporary psychology covers six perspectives including Behaviourism, Social learning, cognitive, psychodynamic, humanistic and biological. There can be several different theories within an approach however they all share common assumptions. Behaviourism Behaviourism is a leaning theory that has scientific evidence to support it. Behaviour is observable which is why scientific methods are used as they are carefully controlled. Behaviourists use animals within their studies because they are more convenient to study rather than humans, they also assume that animals learn in the same way as humans. Behaviourists believe that we are born blank and as we grow up we learn everything that comes to us â€Å"Tabula Rasa† which means blank slate. The environment is very affective towards our behaviour as the people surrounding you and life events always has an impact on how you act, think, as well as feel. According to this perspective classical and operant conditioning is the only two ways in which we learn from the environment. Classical Conditioning is when someone associates one thing with another, for example a child might be afraid of the dentist because he/she associates it with injections and pain, and this might be because of an experience in the past. After this experience they will always remember being at the dentist and also might become scared of people wearing a face mask, just like the people at the dentist. Pavlov gave evidence of this with dogs. Firstly he observed how much a dog salivated whilst eating, and then he came to notice that before the dog even got the food it was salivating already. He then tested if a dog salivated whilst the food was hidden which it didn’t, so it then lead to wanting to know if the dog could learn to know when its food was coming. To do so Pavlov used a bell sound every time the dogs were fed. In a result of Pavlov’s observations the dogs came to learn when their food  was coming because they associated it with the bell noise. ‘Little Albe rt’ also gave evidence of this. When he was 9 months he had shown no fear when a white rat, a rabbit, a monkey and various masks were present. However he did show fear and ‘burst out in tears’ when a hammer was hit against a steel bar behind him, resulting a loud noise. When Little Albert was just over eleven months he still didn’t show fear of the white rat and again became startled when the hammer was hit against the steel bar. This was repeated every week for seven weeks and by the eighth week Little Albert instantly showed fear of the white rat as he would start to cry and attempt to crawl away although the hammer hadn’t yet hit the steel bar. This is because he associated it with the loud sound of the hammer hitting the steel bar. http://psychology.about.com/od/classicpsychologystudies/a/little-albert-experiment.htm Operant Conditioning is when someone learns from either a reward or punishment in the past. For an example of punishment, if a child does something wrong their carer might tell them to sit on the naughty step; the child will then know to not do it again because of the unpleasant consequences that has happened in the past. However a reward is different for example, if a child did all their homework they would get a reward of something like some sweets. This makes the child more likely to do her/his homework in the future because of the pleasant reward they was given in the past. If rewards and punishments were not given to a child they will not learn within operant conditioning (learning from consequences), which means it is unlikely that they will grow up to know their rights and wrongs. Skinners result of his observation gave evidence of this theory. He observed how rewards encourage learning as he used a rat inside a box with nothing but a leaver. Once the rat had discovered that by pushing down the leaver it is rewarded with food, the rat continued to do so because of the pleasant reward it was given in the past, which is in the exact same situation with the child’s home work. B.F. Skinner took the work from operant conditioning a developed the reinforcement and punishment theory. http://www.simplypsychology.org/operant-conditioning.html http://www.learning-theories.com/operant-conditioning-skinner.html Another one of B.F Skinners main ideas was the reinforcement theory which  holds how behaviour is a function of its consequence, meaning that the behaviour that we engage in depends on the consequences that we receive. For example of positive reinforcement, a child will engage in a positive behaviour if they know they will receive a pleasant reward. This pleasant stimulus encourages strengthening behaviour as it is now more likely that the child will increase their frequency of positive behaviour in the future because of the consequence of reward in the past. Behaviour can also be strengthened with negative reinforcement, however we do this to decrease the frequency of negative behaviour for example, a child will not engage in negative behaviour if they know that they will receive an unpleasant reward e.g. the naughty step. http://www2.psychology.uiowa.edu/faculty/wasserman/glossary/reinforcement.html http://bcotb.com/the-difference-between-positivenegative-reinforcement-and-positivenegative-punishment/ Negative reinforcement has a large link to the punishment theory. This theory encourages us not to repeat negative behaviour for example; the consequence of a reward encourages a child to repeat the same behaviour in the future, where as punishment cancels out that desirable consequence and replaces it with an unpleasant consequence. This weakens the child’s unwanted behaviour which makes it less likely to occur in the future as it encourages them not to repeat it. http://psychology.about.com/od/operantconditioning/f/negative-reinforcement.htm This is nurture because it takes account of people’s experiences, upbringing, culture and environment. This is good if someone’s environmental surroundings are positive but could also be bad if their environmental surroundings are negative for example, if someone’s social group associates around drugs it is likely for them to start doing drugs as well. However some people may behave differently also due to nature as genes, hormones and brain structure/damage may affect behaviour as well; Someone can be born with disabilities which will have an effect on their behaviour; this can be a bad thing because they may have no control of the way they behave. Careful  and controlled scientific methods took place which resulted reliable results, this also has strength because it can be repeated to see if the results are accurate. Individual animals are tested; I think that testing on animals is more acceptable than testing on humans as these methods could have had a negative effect on behaviour, also everyone’s behaviour is unique, this gives more accurate results. A weakness of this is that some people do not trust Freud’s results because he cannot prove wrong or right. Social Learning Theory Everybody socially learn by copying other people’s behavior because most of the time we want to fit in and be normal. When people try to fit in they might change their appearance, how they speak or even the way they act especially when trying to fit in to a certain social group which is likely to lead to peer pressure e.g. drinking and smoking. We also learn by observing and imitating our role models, these are people we look up to or even sometimes wish to be. Everyone has a role model for a verity of reasons for example because they have a good sense of fashion, because they look pretty, because they seem lucky or kind hearted, because you like the way they act, because their rich or famous, because of their competence, because they are successful, or even because they are similar to yourself e.g. gender. Most people imitate famous people because everyone else likes them for example when Rihanna dyed her hair bright red a lot of girls reinforced her behavior and did the same which made Rihanna one of their role models. http://www.simplypsychology.org/bandura.html Bandura showed evidence of how we learn socially in the Bobo Doll study. He did this by splitting a number of children into two separate groups. The first group began by watching and observing a video of an adult violently hitting the Bobo doll with other objects in the room as a part of the experiment, and then each child separately went into the room with the doll and did exactly what they had seen beforehand on the video. These children imitated the adult on the video probably because they looked up to him as he was older or even because they thought that’s what the doll was made for. However the other group of children didn’t watch the video beforehand and  when each child went into the room they showed no signs of violence and aggression towards the Bobo doll. This is mainly nurture because the children were taught what to do with the doll however it is also slight nature because we are born imitating people. http://www.simplypsychology.org/bobo-doll.html Another experiment that has evidence of how we learn socially is the Asch study. He did this by asking a group of six people, one at a time, to choose which one of the three lines on the right of the card matches the length of the line on the left of the card. This was repeated seven times with different cards. On some occasions the people in on the experiment purposely choose the wrong line. The participant would go along with what the rest of the group is answering although it was clear to him that they are wrong. This was due to demand characteristics and group pressure/peer pressure. This study demonstrates how we go along with a group, he repeated what the other people in the group thought was right because he was convinced that he was wrong so he didn’t want to make a fool of himself or even because he certainly knew he was right but he just didn’t want to be different to the rest of the group. http://www.simplypsychology.org/asch-conformity.html Everybody imitates other people without realizing, people mainly do this when they don’t know what is the right or wrong thing to do for example wait to be seated or just go and sit down in a restaurant. We are more likely to imitate models that are similar to us, famous, respected or even if we see them being rewarded for their behavior simply because we want to follow in their footsteps and be rewarded as well. Also social surroundings can have a negative effect on a person’s behavior, this might be because the people that they look up to are a bad influences. However social surroundings could have a positive impact on behavior, there for they will look up to someone that is respective, kind hearted and has manors. The social learning theory is nurture as we are influenced by others in the environment, I believe this can be good if someone’s environmental surrounding are positive however can sometimes have a negative effect on people if their environmental surroundings aren’t as great, also it is a  weakness because it doesn’t take account of peoples genes. This has being scientifically supported which is good because the results are more trustworthy and it has being tested on groups of people, this is a good idea because they gained more accurate information when comparing the different groups for example; Bandura tested two separate groups of children to see if all the children that watched the video beforehand acted in the same way, he also did this with the group of children that didn’t watch the video. This is strength because they considered that just because one person might act a certain way doesn’t mean everyone else will as an individual child may have acted upon their specific unique behaviour. Cognitive Perspective The mind generates cognition and cognitive processes; cognition involves knowing, understanding, remembering and communicating, whereas cognitive process uses that existing knowledge then retains it into new knowledge. Cognitive is range of intellectual skills you can do within your mind such as memory which is what we remember, learn, store then recall, for example your age, we learn it and store it in our memory then when someone asks ‘how old are you?’ you will respond with the recall. When being educated you remember 80% more if you recall by explaining things to other people rather than just learning from someone. Language is the way we speak, read and write. Decide is how we make choices for example what to do in the future. Imagine is the way we picture things without actually seeing it for example we could imagine a dog driving a car which is impossible. Attention is the way we concentrate and focus for example in a lesson. Learning is a way we ingest information for example a boss could tell you to go for your break now and you would now have ingested this information on when to go for your break. Thinking is how we problem solve, process ideas and thoughts and lastly perception is the way we see things. http://www.holah.co.uk/core-studies/cognitive/ The mind has a hypothetical Construct which is how we think of the consequences if something happened for example, if someone was about to commit a crime they would think the consequence of going in prison before  hand. Schemas are packets of information about the world that makes you understand things more clearly. Each individual packet contains its own purpose for example, when you go to a posh restaurant you schema is to firstly wait to be seated, read the menu, when the waiter comes to your table order your meal, wait for it to be served, eat it and lastly pay the bill. In the late 1960’s and early 1970’s physiologists became interested in how the human mind processes information as an alternative to the behaviorist approach however because the mind is not a physical object behaviorists cannot prove any perspectives of the mind scientifically. http://www.simplypsychology.org/cognitive.html The brain of a human is very similar to a computer as they both transmit information, have a memory that can grow, can adapt and learn, have evolved over time, need energy, can be damaged, can do maths and other logical tasks.. However the brain needs nutrients like oxygen and sugar for power whereas the computer needs electricity to keep working. Piaget was the main theorist of the cognitive perspective. He believed that children are actively constructing their understanding of the world which means as their bodies develop their mind naturally develops as well. He thought this happened to individual children generally in 4 stages: 0-2: The sensory motor stage, this is when a child learns through the 5 senses; sight, smell, taste, hearing and touch. As they discover how to use their senses they also learn how to become active by moving around. The main awareness that develops in this time is object permanence, this is when a baby doesn’t recognize that an object still exists when they can’t see it therefore, if a child had a rattle then had it taken away they wouldn’t look for it because they don’t understand that it still actually exists. 2-7: the pre-operational stage, which is basically when a child learns mental operations such as imagine things and mentally reverse actions. This phase is when children start to engage in pretend play and use symbols to represent things however around 2 years a child begins to learn how to talk  which makes it easier for them to symbolize objects. At this age children become very egocentric, therefore they don’t understand that other people have a different point of view for example they cover their eyes and think that you can’t see them because they can’t see you. 7-11: The concrete operational stage: This is when a child learns mental operations concretely and learns the idea of conservation for example, if you have two identical glasses with equal amounts of water then ask the child which one has more they will reply they both have the same, while the child is still watching you take one of the glasses and pour it into a small fat glass then pour the other into a tall thin glass, you then ask the child again which one has more and if they haven’t yet reached the concrete operational stage they will say the tall thin glass where as if they have reached this stage they will again say they both are the same even though they look different. At this stage they also begin to reason about mathematics. 11+: The formal operational stage: This is when children are able to reason about abstract moral reasoning, abstract is when they can think about consequences of certain actions and what might occur, whereas moral reasoning is how children reason more like adults which continues to develop over time. http://ehlt.flinders.edu.au/education/DLiT/2000/Piaget/stages.htm http://psychology.about.com/od/piagetstheory/a/keyconcepts.htm Piaget also created another study which discovered at what age children become no longer egocentric called the three mountains study. He did this by firstly letting the individual child look at all three mountains from different angles. One mountain had snow on top, a hut on another and a cross on top of the other. The child was then sat at one side of the model and a doll was placed at different positions towards the model. The child was then shown 10 photos of the mountains taken from different positions, and asked to choose which photo showed the dolls view. If their answer is incorrect this results that they are still in the pre-operational stage, however if the child’s answer is correct they are no longer egocentric and will have reached the concrete operational stage. However this is an unfair test because a child doesn’t have the ability to know that mountains look different from different angles as they are such an unusual feature. To make this more of a fair test I suggest that using a sheet to cover what you can  see on the other side would make it a lot easier for children to understand, then ask ‘what can I see?’ rather than using a doll and asking ‘what can the doll see?’. http://www.simplypsychology.org/preoperational.html Cognitive psychologists believe that this perspective is nature as it looks at genetics, hormones, the brain and how we are born with mental structure which is a good thing because it gives us certain abilities we need. They also think that nurture takes a part in this perspective because we learn as we grow up, which is also a good thing because we are able to increase our knowledge and gain a wider range of abilities, such as learning different languages. This is a big strength because it has also taken account of people’s environment, experience and upbringing. It is scientifically tested, this is strength because the results are reliable and it can be repeated to test if the results are accurate. Individual children at different ages are tested which I believe is good because they went into depth in one to one to result a fuller understanding. This gained accurate results as it gives the ability to concentrate on why an individual is behaving in the specific way however, you cannot generalize an individual’s results as they might not act in the same way as everyone else. The Psychodynamic Perspective Freud made a model of personality known as an iceberg and compared it to the mind which makes it easier to understand the psychodynamic approach. At the top of the iceberg is the part of your mind where you have your conscious what makes us aware of everyday thoughts and feeling for example, what’s happened on Eastenders. Secondly under conscious is your pre-conscious which is where your thoughts and memories are however they are sometimes not accessible but can be recalled easily. Also ego is part of the mind that makes you aware of other people’s feelings as well as your own feelings, things that make you cry and that you can’t always have your own way, this will have developed in a child’s mind by the age of three. Below ego is your superego which is a sense of mortality and is passed on by parents, it is where all your guilt, worries and fears come from. This appears around age five. At the bottom of the iceberg is ID which is already  present at birth as babies are completely selfish, in this part of the mind anxiety can occur a lot and could possibly lead to mental abnormalities if ID and su perego are unbalance as it is up to the minds ego to keep them equally balanced. Both of these come under the unconscious part of the mind which can repress sad thoughts, memories also feeling as this is known as the deep dark shameful part of mind that is in constant struggle. One of the main assumptions is that this part of the mind is what our behavior is mainly driven by because of our unresolved unconscious conflicts that have rooted from our childhood. According to Freud we all have three characters in our mind, ID, superego and ego. He believes that ID and super ego constantly fight in the mind because they are the total opposite which is a sense of morality e.g. right and wrong as he said that ID wants to take risks, superego wants to be safe and ego is stuck in the middle looking for compromise. Freud called body’s bundles of ID and created a Freudian slip which is when you say one thing but mean another. Freud had noted a number of defense mechanisms which he refers to during his written work such as: Denial, this is when you think what you want to think and refuse to face reality because the truth is too hard and painful to accept for example, losing someone close or being cheated on. Projection, which is when you cannot deal with certain unacceptable thoughts and feelings you have so you project them onto someone else for example you might hate someone although you can sometimes feel bad because they don’t hate you back so you make yourself think they do hate you to feel better about yourself. Reaction Formation, this is a reaction against your own desire as you do the opposite to what you really what to for example, being homophobic when you’re gay. Sublimation, which is when you change a specific unacceptable behavior for something more acceptable for example, punching a punching bag rather than a person. http://www.cliffsnotes.com/sciences/psychology/psychology/psychology-personality/psychodynamic-perspectives Psychosexual stages, each of these stages represent the fixation of libido (sexual energy) on different areas of the body. Freud believed that children are born with a sexual urge. There are many stages of childhood during which the child seeks pleasure and if every stage is not completed successfully mental abnormalities could occur. The first stage is called the oral stage; it is called this because the mouth is the main focus of pleasure as a baby enjoys sucking, tasting, biting and breast feeding. This develops approximately from birth to eighteen months which is the ages that babies like to put all sorts of objects into their mouth to satisfy the libido. Once this stage is successfully completed a child will demonstrate this by weaning. The second stage is the anal stage which usually develops from eighteen months to three years. During this stage a child can become anally retentive or anally expulsive. Anally retentive can lead a child to becoming a person that likes to be very tidy, stubborn, enjoys order and being in control. However a child being anally expulsive can make them become more disorganized, messy as well as rebellious (doesn’t like to follow rules) however, more generosity will take place. The next psychosexual stage is the phallic stage which takes place around ages three to seven years and is slightly different for boys and girls. Boys have an Oedipus complex as he wants his mother as his ‘primary love object’ and his father out of the way. However he fears that his father will find out and castrate him as punishment. He identifies how to stop castration anxiety with his father by acting like a man. Whereas girls have an Electra concept, they want their mother out of the way rather than their father. They desire the father but realize they do not have a penis which then l eads to penis envy; also she will believe that her father can give her a baby so she then becomes more attracted to him. Lastly he does not fear castration as she will believe that her mother has already castrated her. The fourth stage is the latency stage which takes place from the age of six until they begin to develop puberty. Freud thought that sexual impulses are repressed during these ages as no psychosexual development appears within this stage. The urges in the child’s un-conscious mind is sublimated into different hobbies such as developing new skills and knowledge for example sports. The last stage of the psychosexual development is the genital stage, which should happen when beginning to develop puberty up to adulthood if earlier stages have being successful. At this age teenagers will begin to focus on genitals however differently to the phallic stage. They will begin to develop healthy adult relationships as well as know how to maintain intimate relationships. Around this stage they should have the ability to get through puberty without  problems and direct their sexual instinct to heterosexual pleasure rather than self-pleasure. Lastly the genital stage is shown to be successful if a person becomes settled down in a relationship during adolescence. http://www.simplypsychology.org/psychosexual.html Psychoanalysis is a way that we can access out un-conscious mind and is psychologists have the ability to see psychological problems. We can do this by using things such as: Ink Blots – When using ink blots a person has to say what they see on the paper. This can help you find out if people might see things abnormally for example, most people will see a butterfly however depending on your un-conscious mind you might see something differently. Free Associations – This is a task that is used to find out what comes to your head when specific words are mentioned and is a good way to see if people associate the correct things with the correct words, for example most people associate a baseball bat with sport however someone might associate it with a weapon. Interpretation Of Dreams – When you are dreaming your un-conscious mind takes over which means primitive feelings, fears and urges takes place. This is a good way to translate your dream and identify your repressed feelings as well as thoughts you have within your un-conscious mind. Little Hans was one of Freud’s psychodynamic research studies. Little Hans was a young boy that had a phobia of horses, especially horses with black around their mouth and blinkers. Freud believed that the horse represented the boy’s father as his father had a mustache and glasses. Little Hans had a fear of being bitten by a horse but Freud thought that he was actually scared of his father biting him (castrating him) due to his desires towards his mother. When Little Hans became nineteen he announced that he has had no further issues during his adolescent years which supports Freud’s psychosexual stage; the Oedipus complex in boys. http://www.simplypsychology.org/little-hans.html This is known as nature because you are born with drives of sex and aggression inside your mind however, I believe it is also nurture because they didn’t take account of social upbringing and experiences in childhood which could have an effect on the psychodynamic approach. It is non-scientific because it is impossible to observe the mind as it is not a  physical object which is bad because it gives not as reliable results however psychologists used psychoanalysis to access an individual’s unconscious mind; because they was un able to observe the mind scientifically they went into depth in one to one interviews which made more trustworthy information. Individuals are observed which I believe is a good idea because everyone has a unique mind and is not exactly the same. They was able to concentrate on an individual’s behavior and went into depth in one to one to result a larger understanding however, they cannot generalize these results to other people because t he individual may have acted differently to everyone else. The Humanistic Approach The main theorists of this perspective are Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers. Both theorists believe that people’s behavior is linked to their inner feelings as well as self-concept. Maslow said that people are motivated to achieve their certain needs for example, The longer somebody doesn’t eat the more hungry they will become which motivates their need to eat. Maslow created a hierarchy of needs in 5 stages. A person has to have met the lower basic needs before meeting the higher level needs. The first stage is the basic psychological needs for instance; food, shelter, water and warmth. The second stage is the safety needs. This includes living in a safe area with safe housing as well as being financially secure, also not being under threat e.g. abuse and crime. The third stage is belonging needs which is things like family, friendships, community, society and religion e.g. a church. The fourth stage is the esteem needs for instance achievements, compliments depending on your appearance and respect. The last stage is self-actualization which is basically being all that you can be, all humans have instinctive desire to achieve something and is also intrinsically good. Carl Rogers was particularly interested in the concept of ‘self’. He made the assumptions of what specific words mean such as: Self Esteem, This is how you feel about yourself for example, someone might have low self-esteem because they don’t like the way they look and this can make someone feel less valuable. If your ideal self (who you want to be) and self-image (how you see yourself) are far apart this would decrease your self-esteem (how you feel about yourself) where as if they were close together this would make your self-esteem increase as you would feel closer to the person you  want to be. Internalize, He said this is how you make it internal about yourself, someone’s external attitudes or behavior has an impact on your internal un-conscious assimilation for example if someone speaks to you aggressively you may think you have done something to deserve it. Self-concept, this is formed at a very young age as we internalize what others judge on us and positive self-esteem can encourage having a more accurate self-concept. It refers to the way you understand as well as see ourselves as we become older for instance, someone that knows who they are and where they are heading as they fit into the world. Ideal self, this is when someone knows who they want to be for example, someone might want to be a good person so will avoid getting involved in bad activities. http://www.simplypsychology.org/self-concept.html Self-image, this is how you see yourself depending on how others respond to you. For example you might see yourself looking over weight because someone had called you fat. Humanism is nurture because it depends on experiences, up-bringing, culture, environmental influences surrounding you as well as choice and free will which I believe is good because as it gives people the ability to make their own choices. However I believe it is also nature because genes, and brain structure/damage wasn’t taken to account and you can be born with something which could have an effect on the way you feel about yourself. It is a non-scientific approach as scientists are un-able to observe this mind because it is not a physical object. Conscious experiences would be recorded in a one to one interview and I believe this is a good thing because this gave more accurate information. It is focused on individuals; this is a good thing to consider because observing groups could lead to un-accurate results. A strength of observing individuals is that they gained a fuller understanding because in depth information was recorded. However they cannot generalize these results to others because everyone’s behaviour is unique. The Biological Approach Theorists are mainly interested in how physical development forms, especially the central nervous system which includes our brain and genes. Genes are inherited from your birth parents. We inherit many different types of genes as they start to develop before we are even born such as; eyes, hair colour,  height, nose, skin colour as well as features you cannot even see e.g. inherited disorders and diseases. Behaviour has a biological cause as the whole body is run by the nervous system which means the nervous system has a large impact on how people develop. Within the nervous system there is a pattern of development. The more complicated our nervous system is, the better we will have the ability to gain more development. The control nervous system provides the biological basis of the psychological experience. Within the control nervous system contains: Peripheral nervous system, this transfer’s information all around the body to and from the central nervous system. Somatic n ervous system: This controls the skeletal muscle and external sensory organs. Automatic nervous system: This controls involuntary muscles. Sympathetic nervous system: controls activities that increase energy. Parasympathetic nervous system: This controls activities that maintains energy intake. The Central nervous system, this transfer’s information all around the body to and from the peripheral nervous system. Spinal cord: This receives and transmits information to and from the brain for example, pain. Brain: This is the control center of the body, it maintains higher life involved functions such as receiving and processing information. Neurons handover chemicals across their synaptic gab to transfer messages around the body for example, ‘take your hand away, it’s too hot!’ or ‘laugh, it’s funny!’ There are different types of neurotransmitters for instance the serotonin, for a stable mood an inadequate amount of serotonin is required; this avoids any unnecessary neurotransmitters firing inside the brain. Another type of a neurotransmitter is dopamine, which basically supports you with depression and focus. Theorists tested this by using twins. Monozygotic is twins that are completely identical and have 100 percent of the same DNA, monozygotic twins are developed when a fertilized egg splits into two. Whereas Dizygotic twins are un-identical, these type of twins are developed when two separate eggs are released and both fertilized, they only share 50 percent of the same DNA which is similar to brothers and sisters. Bouchard explored the Minnesota twin study which was about twins that were separated at birth and raised in different families. He discovered that separated identical twins seemed to have a fair chance of being similar in terms of personality, interests and attitudes. Theorists believed that any difference between  twins is completely due the environment. An example of this would be the ‘Jim twins’. They were adopted at the age of four weeks by two separate families that were unknown to each other. When the twins were 39 years of age the Jim twins had met each other and discovered that they were very similar as they: Both married a woman named Betty and divorced a woman called Linda. Both have an adopted brother called Larry. Both named their pet dog Toy. Both was poor at spelling however was good at math’s. Both did carpentry, mechanical drawing and block lettering. Both suffered from headaches at the age of eighteen. Both gained ten pounds at the same time and weighed one hundred and eighty pounds. Also both were six feet tall. Lastly one named his first child James Allan and the other name his first child James Alan. https://mctfr.psych.umn.edu/research/UM%20research.html The maturation theory was influenced by genetics and environments. It is referred as the way we develop gradually over time. The brain needs to have fully developed every stage before having the ability to use the nervous system and skills. This perspective is nature as you are born with your brain instantly developing which I believe is a good thing because it provides us with abilities we need. This is a strength because they have considered to look at how people’s genetics, brain structure and nerves might affect their behaviour however its weakness is that they haven’t taken account of peoples upbringing, experiences, environment and religion. It is scientific because genes were studied; I believe this is a good thing because it gives scientific reliable evidence of the biological approach and it can be repeated to see if the results are accurate. However it lacks depth and does not take account of people’s feelings. Lastly it is tested on groups; I believe that testing on groups is a good idea because it gives accurate evidence however, you cannot generalize the results because not everyone will act in the same way as everyone’s behaviour is unique.

Disclosure in Work Environments Essay -- Communication, Interpersonal

Open communication between individuals is very important. This quality is what makes relationships run smoothly between two or more individuals. Barnett, Cochran and Taylor explored significant relations between the openness of communication between management and employees in a previous study (1993). These researchers found that employees expressed concerns and the level of internal disclosures by employees in the study (Barnett et al., 1993). Barnett, Cochran and Taylor also found in their study that external whistle blowing may lead to â€Å"negative publicity, regulatory investigations, and legal liability issues† (1993). Trying to hold back or quiet employees may make the problem between the employees worse. Internal disclosures provide organizations an opportunity to explore and correct wrongdoing, and avoid the more negative consequences of external whistle blowing (Barnett et al., 1993). Disclosure in Work Environments 4 As sexual harassment can be a major topic in literature and in the workplace, organizations make sure to focus attention on the legal problems that may become evident if the harassment occurs (Bingham, 1991). Bingham investigated the interpersonal aspect of sexual harassment in this study to find how to eliminate the problem of sexual harassment (1991). In disclosure related situations, exchanging too much personal information to another employee can result in sexual harassment. In doing so, individuals must be careful in whom they are disclosing information to. Many individuals may feel uncomfortable in the situation. In many companies, sexual harassment is taken very seriously. Before an employee is hired at most companies they are explained the harassment precautions and regulations. In do... ...esearchers (Sias & Cahill, 1998). Peer friendships can offer a source of immanent rewards for employees. These rewards can protect against job-related anxiety, and can reduce job frustration and turnover (Sias & Cahill, 1998). By sticking together in the work environment, individuals are able to overcome obstacles at their employment. In doing so, individuals realize that they are not in it alone. The researchers found that peer friendships were based on both individual and circumstantial factors. For many, these workplace peers become more than just coworkers; they may also become friends (Sias & Cahill, 1998). The workplace did not act as a vessel for the friendships, but it played a significant role in the friendships developmental process. As their artificial influence decreased the friendship became closer and more interpersonal (Sias & Cahill, 1998).

Ways to Learn Speak English

Ways to Learn Speak English We can speak English confident if we native language is another than English, because we live in a homogeneous country, where the diversity of races abound, thereby dialect, ways of thinking, living and acting, but in this country the universal language is English, spoken different accents, so if we aren’t native north American there are several ways to learn speak English, for example, the practicing, living with other people who speak native English, learn and study English sentences, and watching television.We can practice the language listening our favorite music in English, so we can hear a song several time, playing attention and repeating again and again singing the melody to memory, what matters is that you try to get the words, sing it loud and rhythm, on YouTube you can find your favorite song with lyrics in English, this will facilitate our pronunciation.When we live with native English speaks, we have the opportunity to repeat the word t hat we do not understand or find another way to explain what we want to communicate, this do not happen when we hear music, so we have the opportunity to enrich both our accent and our vocabulary finding synonyms o different words for same meaning, reproduce and repeating. Additionally, if we know different words we can make sentences.This will help that must practice with our friends native English speaking these phrases every day, so when we come to know many sentences almost that we could speak English fluently. Finally, we can learn speak English comfortably when we watch a favorite movie, so we Liliana2 have the opportunity to pay attention to intonation and return the movie and repeat a phrase or complete sentences, this is a wonderful idea, we can also choose some favorite series and try to listen understand and then, try to tell the story in our own words.In conclusion, the reliability in the English language is growing as it is practiced, in some schools use technological a dvances to develop the English language and it accent, but practice certainly plays an important fact in the development, so find our own technique in which we feel most comfortable and practice away.

Marketing and Product Essay

Company G, a company with a terrific history, produces high quality small appliances. Company G’s reputation speaks for itself, having earned the title of one of the most Reputable companies today. N Company G is continuing this by introducing our new appliance called G camera X. Mission Statement â€Å"We enable consumers to improve the quality and convenience of their lives by providing innovative electronics solutions.† The Product As stated earlier, Company G’s products enable consumers to improve the quality and convenience of their lives by providing innovative electric solutions. Company G has introduced a new concept geared towards enhancing consumer’s enjoyment of using digital cameras. Company G’s new concept add ease and reliability to the everyday use of product. Company G’s new digital camera, called G Camera X will feature awesome new additions which will include a hip new mold design and material, which will enhance the appearance and also the handling of product. The new mold design will leave the camera virtually break proof and water proof, which in term improves quality. The new concept of solar power will be introduced in this product also. No longer will there be a need for batteries, which will enhance the convenience of this item. Consumer Product Classification The image of the product is very important. Our product must convey quality and convenience the consumer desire. Convincing the customer to buy is a must; therefore, we will be promoting the device heavily. Pricing will be above average because of the advanced quality of item. This product will not be purchased by the consumer on a daily basis; therefore, the customer will put thought into the purchase of this item .This product will be available at the majority of major retailers, which include Wal-Mart, Targets, and Best Buy, also the camera will can be purchased directly through the company’s website. Many things were factored when deciding how to classify this product. After careful consideration, G camera X consumer classification will be shopping. Target Market 1.People with income level above 30,000. Income level will help identify people with the financial ability to purchase this item, since it is on the higher end of price range. 2. Geared toward any education level. Camera is relatively simple to use, therefore majority of the population will be able to use. 3. Geared toward family oriented individuals. People with children will be delighted in this product because parents enjoy taking pictures of kids and would like the advantage of having a break proof, waterproof, solar powered camera Competitive Situation Analysis Analysis of Competition using Porter’s 5 Forces Model The task instruction is: Analyze Company G’s competitive environment utilizing Porter’s Five Forces Model of competitive forces. While headings below may provide some guidance for how to organize the paper, please refer to the recommended text (index topic: â€Å"Porter’s 5 forces model†), the learning community, and recommended web sites. As you will see from the reading, Porter’s 5-forces is a way to examine threats to a company’s success – which was competition imposes. Competitive Rivalry: The competitive environment may be fierce. Several threats exist. Company G is a well-established and respected company. Although this is a factor, rival companies eager to capitalize exist. Companies will make product closely resembling Company G’s and may offer at a lower price or with more incentives. Market growth will not be slow and low fixed cost to produce item will decrease rivalry. Since customers somewhat easily and freely switch from one product to another, this will increase rivalry. There are quite a few rivals in the same market. Threat from New Entrants : Threats to company G success are possible. New companies may enter the market, looking to take advantage of producing a product to challenge Company G’s product. They may have access to lower cost distribution, which in term may offer their product at a lower cost. Startup is not that expensive, which may encourage new entrants. Threat from Buyers : There could be a possible threat to Company G’s success from the buyers, depending on how they react to the new product. Buyers may not embrace the technology . some may not feel comfortable with the new product or the pricing of item. Buyer volume may at times be slow. Also, consumers may be a little hesitant with purchase because this product is a little pricier than the substitute product that may become available. The threat is not that significant because consumers are always looking for new and innovative products on the market. People desiring new product, will out way people hesitant to buy. Threat from Suppliers: threats from suppliers does exist. Suppliers may increase the price of raw material to get some extra profit. Suppliers who produce parts that are not easily gotten from other suppliers will be the ones to take advantage of this. These companies, having the knowledge that Company G will have issues finding another supplier to produce the same part will raise there price for these goods. This risk is not that significant, since most of the parts used to produce product are easily manufactured by suppliers which will help eliminate this risk. Threat from Substitutes : there is a significant threat of companies producing substitute product. Companies will try to compete by producing items similar to Company G’s. This threat is very significant due to the fact that many companies want to make a profit out of new ideas and technologies. Companies may also offer substitutes at a cheaper price.