Kimberly McCullough

Kimberly McCullough Colorado Christian UniversityCollege of Adult and Graduate StudiesBUS-301A, Business FinanceProfessor MurphyApril 18, 2018 Analyzing Your Financial RatiosIn Chapter Case â€Å"Question 1. I will provide, the current ratio measures a company's ability to pay short-term obligations. The quick ratio of S;S, which is an indicator of a company's short-term liquidity. be sure to show your work in calculating the ratios including the ratios of the company. (In Chapter 3, page 8, Finkler, S. 2017). When it comes to their financial planning at S & S Air, Inc their financial manager will be able to understand. In Chapter Case 1, with S&S Air, Inc. with this business working capital management they must work with certain banks about their contribution to their goals and their success in their business. S&S Air, Inc.2016 Income Statement S&S Air. Inc.2016 Balance Sheet Light Airplane Industry Ratios Capital Budgeting The case study presents two corporations (A and B) with different revenue values and expenses as well as variable depreciation expenses, tax rates and discount rates. When it comes to my mom and dad's business applying suitable expenditure controls to ensure that investments outlays conform with. When it comes to capital budgeting my parent's business they are determining the viability to long-term investments on purchase or replacement of property. (Dlabay, L. 2008, Chapter 3, pg.12-13)Ratios and Financial Planning at S&S Air, Inc.†Calculations Chapter Case â€Å"Conch Republic Electronics†Conch Republic Electronics is a midsized electronics manufacturer located in Key West, Florida. The company president is Shelley Conc, who inherited the company. When it was founded over 70 years ago, the company originally repaired radios and other household appliances. Over the years, the company expanded into manufacturing and is now a reputable manufacturer of various electronic items. Before launching a new series, the company need to go through the following steps as to ensure a smooth production of this new series. 1.1 10 Steps Before Launching New ProductsAs a business grows the question of the introducing new products/services arises. Launching new products/services means taking risks and managing change. Growth and change must be managed at the same time as on-going business operations. Maintaining momentum is challenging for small businesses with limited resources. (Mayo, H. 2017). QuestionsWhat is the payback period of the project?What is the profitability index of the project?What is the IRR of the project?What is the NPV of the project?All the cases are Excel-based?First, The Cost of Research & Development Second, for them to calculate networking capital for the next first two years their new smart phone company their smartphones prices generate erosion cost (negative side effect) to the existing smart phone. The loss from the total revenue of existing smart phone. The net incremental revenue of new smart phone is equal to the total revenue of new smart phone minus the total revenue loss from the existing smart phone.The Revenue Loss of Existing Smart Phone Comes from Two Parts.Part one: the sales units will be reduced, and the original price revenue on these sales unites will be gone (the sales units of the existing smart phone will fall by 30,000 units per year, and the price of the existing smart phone is $380 per unit). Part Two: In Conch Republic Electronics finding of the sensitivity of change in quantity of the remaining units will be sold at a lower price (the price of the existing units will have to be lowered to $ 210 each), and the price difference is a source of revenue. Take First Year for Example: The calculation of net incremental revenue of the second year is like the first year. Starting from the third year, there is no revenue loss of existing smart phone attributed by the new smart phone, because the production of the existing smart phone is terminated. The incremental revenue is just the revenue of new smart phone. (Brigham, E. 2016, Chapter 5 pg. 9-10)Third, when it comes to In Conch Republic Electronics cost they had to take their profitability and their credit worthiness. As a smartphone company they know that knowing the cost of capital it can make better decisions on its future investments and other such financing options. (Midgley, K. & Burns, R. 1997) The calculation of net variable cost of the second year is like the first year. Starting from the third year, there is no variable cost decrease of new smart phone. The net variable cost is just the variable cost of new smart phone.Four, when it comes to Conch Republic Electronics company they have to consider regarding asset acquisitions in other investments brought. Because it is a smartphone company calculating the fixed cost is just new smart phone's fixed cost. Chapter Case â€Å"Stephenson Real Estate Recapitalization† In this report I will be discussing the work in an AJD real estate office from different aspects: Market surveying, the standard operating procedures that be followed in the market, suggestions to improve the work of AJD office. (Huber, W. 2009, Chapter 5, pg. 10-12)1.2 Definitions:Real estate is â€Å"Property consisting of land and the buildings on it, along with its natural resources such as crops, minerals, or water; immovable property of this nature; an interest vested in this; (also) an item of real property; (more generally) buildings or housing in general. Also: the business of real estate; the profession of buying, selling, or renting land, buildings or housing. It is a legal term used in most of the formal deals in this field. (Davis, M. 2012, Chapter 5, pg. 2-10)†Stephenson Real Estate Recapitalization†In order for Stephenson's Real Estate recapitalization they have to effectively recapitalizing the companies by increasing the proportion of debt in the capital structure. Since Stephenson is an all-equity firm with 15 million shares of common stock outstanding, worth $35.20 per share, the market value of the firm is $528 million (= 15 million shares * $35.20 per share). Stephenson's market-value balance sheet before the announcement of the land purchase is:Because of the purchase, the firm's pre-tax earnings will increase by $27 million per year in perpetuity. These earnings are taxed at a rate of 40%. Therefore, after taxes, the purchase increases the annual expected earnings of the firm by $16.2 million {($27 million) (1 – 0.40)}. (Peiser, R. & Hamilton, D. 2012) Therefore, the net present value of the land purchase is $19.6 million.After the announcement, the value of Stephenson will increase by $19.6 million, the net present value of the purchase. Under the efficient-market hypothesis, the market value of the firm's equity will immediately rise to reflect the NPV of the project. Therefore, the market value of Stephenson's equity will be $547.6 million (= $528 million + $19.6 million) after the firm's announcement.Assessments and Measures Direct Versus Indirect Measures of AssessmentThe difference between direct and indirect measures of student learning has taken on new importance as accrediting agencies such as WASC have required the use of direct measures to be the primary source of evidence. Indirect measures may serve only as supporting evidence. (Linneman, P. 2010)Embedded and Add-On AssessmentEmbedded assessments are tasks that are integrated into specific courses. They usually involve classroom assessment techniques but are designed to collect specific information on program learning outcomes. (Claus, F. 2009)ConclusionWhat I have learned? This subject gave me an overview of key marketing concepts and techniques as they apply in a variety of organizations and in both conventional and online environments. Also, this subject helped me to develop my knowledge and understanding of the core role of marketing in determining the growth potential.ReferencesRoss, S., Westerfield, R., & Jordan, B. (2017). Essentials of Corporate Finance (9th ed.). Dlabay, Les (2008) Business Finance (1st Editio) Finkler, Steven (2017) Finance & Accounting for Nonfinancial Managers (5th Edition) Book – Softcover Mayo, B. Herbert (2017) Basic Finance: An Introduction to Financial Institutions, Investments, and Management Brigham, F. Eugene (2016) Fundamentals of Financial Management (14th ed.) Publisher: Cengage Learning Huber, Wait (2009) Real Estate Finance – (7th edition) Davis, Maria (2009) Accounting for Real Estate Transactions: A Guide for Public Accountants and Corporate Financial Professionals 2nd Edition Peiser, Richard & Hamilton, David (2012) Professional Real Estate Development: The ULI Guide to the Business Linneman, Peter (2010) Real Estate Finance & Investments: Risks and Opportunities Clauss, J. Frances (2009) Corporate Financial Analysis with Microsoft Excel Midgley, Kevin & Burns, G. Ronald (1979) Business Finance and the Capital Marketn.

Praise

Professional practice-rewards and sanctions essay The use of praise within the primary classroom will use this essay to analyses the effective and destructive often harmful use of praise as a reward system within the primary classroom. Firstly it is important to explain what a reward system actually is In terms of a primary classroom, According to the universal Dictionary, (19981†² a reward is â€Å"something given or received in recompense for worthy behavior†.A reward system therefore, is a system adopted by either a class teacher, adult or as a whole school ethos for the delivery of rewards or positive academic or social behavior during the school day. From experience, the reward scheme does not have to finish at the end of the school day and can extend into what children achieve during their own time, whether this is through commendations or simply through public use of praise, perhaps in an assembly, as a form of verbal reward.All reward systems are based around the principal of two forms of praise; these are either extrinsic motivators; these tend to be based around variations of the token economy, or intrinsic motivators. Praise as a system in its own eight falls into the intrinsic motivators category as there is no extrinsic or token reward' physically given to the children. â€Å"Intrinsic motivation occurs when we act without any obvious external rewards. We simply enjoy an activity or see It as an opportunity to explore, learn and actualities our potentials. † Con et al (2010).Praise is a crucial part of all reward systems whether intrinsic or extrinsic, but praise can be a reward system on its own. When praise is used as a reward system within a primary school classroom, according to Sutherland, et al (2002) â€Å"praise is positively related to Intrinsic motivation among students† which Is linked directly to the SHE strands of the National Primary Curriculum and the idea of fostering a culture of intrinsic motivation to ac hieve both academically and within normal social parameters is a cornerstone of primary education.Sutherland argument can be applied to the theory of praise as an Intrinsic reward system, suggesting praise may be a practical method by which to nurture a self-perpetuating cycle of growth, reinforcement and self-worth amongst primary school aged children. Sutherland argument is given rather vigor by Trustees, (2008) who suggested â€Å"a ratio of 4:1 positive to negative feedback has an optimal effect on students learning and behavior†, however according to Episcopate, J, et al (201 1), â€Å"little research has examined the effects of training teachers to provide specific ratio of praise to behavior correction within the classroom setting. Trellis's reasoning does seem to make logical sense and other research does reach similar generic conclusions. Usual (2008) recommended a ratio of six or eight positive to one negative within adult-student interactions, which is an embellis hment of Trellis's theory. Before the government draw up new plans to train all adults within the classroom to work towards these ratios, it should be considered that more research Into the effectiveness and also practicality of these ratios needs to take place.Within the primary classroom setting the practical application of ratios for positive to negative comments is potentially unfeasible and targets which would in effect render the praise worthless as a becomes more of a token gesture rather than an intrinsic reward for a Job well done. Sutherland argument for praise being used to develop intrinsic motivation within children of the remarry age bracket, relies upon positive reinforcement which has to be implemented by the class teacher using a best practice model, with a high ratio of praise-to-behavior correction technique.Clinics-Ross et al, (2008) states that â€Å"classrooms in which teachers use higher rates of reprimand and other reactive strategies tend to have higher rat es of student miss-behavior. † This demonstrates how praise is far more effective a tool that reprimand within behavior management of a primary classroom. Furthermore, as the earlier ratios imply, reprimands can be far more damaging to a child's self-esteem and academic confidence then even over SE of praise.If reprimands are used too often this could possibly lead to children becoming disengaged with learning and also foster lack of self-belief within children. Teachers need to be consistent with their approach to praise. According to Cooley, S (2001) there are basic rules to behavior management which includes consistency as well as others†¦ â€Å"Be definite ‘l know what I want. ‘ Be aware ‘l know what will happen if I don't get what I want. ‘ Be calm and consistent ‘l am always fair and consistent with you. ‘ Give them structure ‘I know where we're going. ‘ Be positive you're doing great!These rules, when applied to the classroom environment along with goal setting to increase the chance for praise and performance, will give teachers the opportunity to use praise effectively to manage behavioral expectations and academic achievement within their classroom. In order to use praise effectively however, there are other considerations that the teacher must apply to each individual class, and undeniably each individual child. Conceivably the most important consideration is that children need to Want' to receive praise. Without this ‘need', praise is an ineffective reward.Potentially there are various reasons why children might not want to receive praise from a class teacher or indeed any other adult in the classroom. According to Docking, J (2002) â€Å"the age of the child, whether the recipient is a boy or a girl, whether the praise is for work or conduct, and with the teacher is in charge of a whole class or Just a small group or an individual† are all variables that could hypothetically lead to praise not working as a reward for an individual child's behavior, or actually being totally or partially ineffective as a behavioral management technique.According to Brakeman, E et al (2013)†¦ Many adults use praise as 'emotional nourishment' for children, in an attempt to help children feel better about themselves. Adults might therefore be especially likely to praise those children who seem to need it the most – children with low self-esteem. † This strategy could have unexpected side-effects for any child with low self-esteem, whether that be directly or indirectly related to his or her academic achievement.Brakeman goes on to discuss in his study how children with low self-esteem are, when exposed to a specific type of praise, potentially predisposed to feeling ashamed following allure. Evidently any child feeling any feelings of inferiority, shame or vulnerability as a direct result of praise being used, would be highly counter-productive within the mind adults need to exercise caution when selecting the correct type of praise for the individual child.A teacher will have the choice to differentiate between two distinct types of praise that could impact each child in very differing ways, both positively and negatively. Of the two types of praise the first is person praise, (praise for personal qualities or directed towards children's abilities) and the second type of praise is recess praise, (praise directed towards a child's effort). Brakeman states that â€Å"person praise contributes to a self-perpetuating downward spiral of self- derogation. This demonstrates that, in children with low self-esteem, the link between praise and conditional regard could be a self-replicating issue in that the more praise the receive the more they will avoid it. This is linked with Gamins & Deck, (1999) â€Å"Person praise may trigger these children's feelings of conditional regard and consequently makes them feel unworthy following failure. à ¢â‚¬  With this in mind, praise when used as a general reward system could potentially lead to a detrimental undermining of some children self-esteem, thus undermining the very nature of a reward system.This point is not to say that teachers should not praise children. In actual fact the research of Hindering & Leper (2002) suggests that process praise is actually beneficial for children's academic motivation. This point is also made by Mueller & Deck (1998) â€Å"praise for effort may help children persist in the face of academic failure. † The general agreement between the different research papers is that any adults issuing praise needs to carefully consider the individual before making any public or indeed private praise.This theory seems to be related directly to the idea of process praise as discussed by Brakeman et al. There is a large proportion of academic research and Journal articles that points towards using process praise in a responsible manner to great effect within the primary classroom. Process praise is described within the literature as to being highly beneficial not only in promoting good academic results, but also in promoting academic resilience amongst children. Academic resilience is of vital importance so that children learn from their mistakes as opposed to being deterred by them.This appears to be in contrast to the general consensus centered around person praise, as it is widely regarded as damaging for children, especially those with low self-esteem to be the recipients of too much person praise, as it can lead to a self-perpetuating downward spiral in both their attitude towards learning and their academic progress. This general statement can only be described as true within children who already are predisposed to low self-esteem. The research of Burlingame implies that children with high self-esteem will benefit from both kinds of praise.From experience forever children with high self-esteem are often praised perhaps too frequently, this can lead to an almost extrinsic motivation effect whereby the children see the praise being given as an extrinsic reward thus fostering a completely unintentional ethos within the classroom or indeed the whole school, whereby children expect to be praised and could potentially end up conditioned to only continue working or behaving to a consistently high standard when praise is being handed out periodically by the class teacher.This adverse effect needs to be avoided; teachers should note â€Å"praise, like penicillin, must not be administered haphazardly. Ignition (1965) Another consideration the teachers when attempting to decide how to give indeed an even more desirable effect could be achieved through non-verbal praise. Non-verbal praise could take on the form of a simple smile, a thumbs-up from across the classroom or even a note quietly written on a student piece of work. Non-verbal forms of praise can be highly useful when dealing with children of low self-e steem countering the issues created from person praise.Non-verbal cues also play a crucial role in communication; according to Spark (2013) furthermore they are especially important when interpreting ambiguous verbal messages. As such non-verbal forms of praise and communication are an important tool when differentiating praise as a reward system for individual members of a whole class. Having reviewed the current academic theories surrounding praise as a reward system, looking at both the positives and negatives associated with praise as a system I can draw several conclusions.The first of which is that praise as an intrinsic reward system is key in fostering a culture of motivation to achieve both academically and socially within primary school children. This is drawn from Sutherland research stating that praise is positively related to intrinsic motivation among students†. The counterarguments raised predominantly by Brakeman are also highly compelling, as they appear to co ndemn the use of some aspects of praise.The issues that can arise when praise is used inappropriately within the primary classroom, as well as the unexpected side-effects for children with low self-esteem mean that praise can sometimes have a seemingly paradoxical effect. This is summarized by Spark, et al (2013) who states†¦ â€Å"Blame after failure sometimes leads to the impression that the recipient has a high ability. In contrast praise after success can lead to an inference of lower ability. † Kappa's research links in with the theories of Brakeman because person praise is the style of praise that would be linked to the inference of lower ability.Process praise however, which can be generically given across the different ability groups, has no such inferences. Pomeranian, M et al (2013) also raise an interesting point that seems to condemn praise when used inappropriately†¦ â€Å"The more personal praise mothers used, the more children subsequently held an en tity theory of intelligence and avoided challenge over and above their earlier functioning n these dimensions† far from praise encouraging children in their attempts to challenge and better themselves, person praise appears to detrimentally affect children's academic drive.If Pomeranian, M is to be believed then all teaching and support staff should adopt a system whereby praise is used sparingly and also in a manner that avoids person praise. Furthermore, process praise should be used throughout the class without highlighting different ability groups. In this manner the paradoxical effect discussed by Spark could be avoided. In practice the literature seems to suggest that simply using praise on its own as a reward system is not efficient to develop children's own intrinsic reward systems and develop and ethos of intrinsic motivation both academically and socially.

Health Care Decisions of the Mentally Ill

The mentally ill are an extremely vulnerable group when it comes to receiving adequate health care as well as being â€Å"allowed† to make those critical decisions that affect their lives. Although the perception exists that as a whole the mentally ill are ill equipped if not downright incapable of making those decisions, the reality is not so carved in stone.   The stereotypes of the mentally ill both lessen their ability to â€Å"participate in the management of their illness and achieve desired treatment outcomes,† and â€Å"encourages pessimistic and non-therapeutic attitudes and behaviors among clinicians making them receptive to the requests of their mentally ill patients.† (National 2006 p. 80). The perception is that the mentally ill pose a danger to both themselves and society, therefore need to have all â€Å"important† decisions made for them, just as a child would. The mentally ill are often coerced into making decisions that are neither true to their wishes, or good for their lives. In reality, the majority of the mentally ill are quite capable of making their own health care decisions, and only rarely does their illness affect those decisions, requiring a family member or friend to step forward. Research has shown that the mental health population has â€Å"elevated rates of some disease and health complications from psychiatric medication,† and, in fact tend to die at significantly younger ages than the general population. (Mental 2006 p. 1).   There are, of course, circumstances where intervention by another party becomes a necessity.   In the more severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia or severe bi-polar disease, the ability to make rational decisions can become severely impaired, requiring a guardian ad-litem to make decisions that are in the best interest of the patient. Our current system of HMO’s also put the mentally ill patient at a further disadvantage because â€Å"psychiatric disorders leave people ill-equipped to handle the bureaucratic roadblocks inherent in managed care.† (Perina 2002 p. 1). Because there are no concrete routine blood tests or CAT scans that definitively say that a person is ill, the science is much more subjective, therefore more fraught with stumbling blocks. As stated, in most cases, the mentally ill are still quite able to make their own health care decisions and should be allowed to do so without the stereotypes and hardships to make those decisions more difficult. Works Cited: Mental Health Articles (March 15, 2006). Creative Strategies Improve Medical Care for Mentally Ill. Retrieved May 31, 2006 from: http://www.emaxhealth.com/7/4939.html National Academics Press (2000). Improving the Quality of Health Care for Mental and Substance Abuse Patients. Retrieved May 30, 2006 Perina, Kaja. (Mar/April 2002). Battling for Benefits. Retrieved May 31, 2006         

An Evaluation of Jessie Nelson’s Directed Film, I Am Sam

An Evaluation of Jessie Nelson’s Directed Film, I Am Sam The movie I chose to review is I am Sam. This movie is about a man, Sam, with a mentally disability coping with the struggles of raising his daughter. He has the mind of a seven year old so things get tough when his daughter, Lucy, becomes seven and surpasses his intelligence and the kids in her classroom begin to make fun of him. Sam soon gets in trouble with social services and finds a lawyer, Rita, to help win his daughter back. The movie ends with a couple co-parenting Lucy, with Sam. So in a sense everyone wins; Sam and Lucy still get to have their relationship and the couple gets a daughter and can raise and take care of her needs. Sam’s character is said to have autism and a mental disability but did not specify what it was exactly. All that was said is that he had the mind of a seven year old. He was portrayed as a loving and caring father who read to his daughter every night and even threw her birthday parties. He also had a group of friends, who were also disabled, that helped raise Lucy. In one scene Sam did not have enough money to buy Lucy a new pair of shoes for school and all of the friends chipped in to pay for the shoes. You could also see how he struggled because Wednesday nights were IHOP nights but Lucy wanted to try a different restaurant. Sam went to the other restaurant but threw a fit when they did not have the pancakes that he wanted. It was hard for him to change his routine, but he tried because Lucy asked him too even though, with his disability, it was very hard for him. During the trial to win Lucy back Sam did everything in his power to get her back. Rita, the lawyer, was portrayed as a woman who put work before her family and kids. This was the reverse role of Sam because all he wanted was to be with Lucy. Once she got to know Sam she tried to do everything she could to help him and they even became great friends and she became a better mom because of him. You could really see how he struggled in the trial due to his disability. It was hard for him to keep up with the questions being asked and sometimes when he got confused he would quote The Beatles or things that happened to The Beatles; they were his favorite band. The movie wanted you to feel sympathy for him and pity him because he wanted so bad to be the father he needed to be put was held back by his disability. This movie was a positive portrayal of individuals with disabilities because it showed that even though Sam had a disability it did not affect his ability to love. Playing off the role of Rita, which was the opposite of Sam, she was the typical lawyer who had lost touch with his young son and even admitted to hating him. This scenario also showed that people without disabilities are not perfect and can learn from individuals with disabilities. She even said in one scene, towards the end of the movie, that she gained more from their relationship than Sam had gained from it. This shows how special individuals with disabilities are and how much they can better the lives of others and all that they want is to be treated like everyone else, because they do have feelings. Since the movie said that he had some form of autism I think they portrayed it well. Autism disorders are known to be on a spectrum and full of variety. Some people can be somewhat autistic while others are considered to be very autistic. Autism can, â€Å"affect a child’s development and ability to communicate and that includes unusual behavioral manifestations such as repetitive motor movements† (Kirk, 2012, p. 148). During the movie Sam constantly tilted his head up when he was frustrated and did not understand what was going on. This happened often in court when he was asked questions that he did not understand or too many questions were being asked to him at one time. Asperger’s Syndrome is also considered to be on the spectrum of autism and Sam showed signs of, â€Å"a preoccupation with certain subjects almost to the exclusion of other subjects† (Kirk, 2012, p. 148). This is seen with how he relates everything to The Beatles or things that happened between the band members. Another sign of Asperger’s Syndrome that Sam portrayed was hand flapping, especially when he was excited. He also had a job at Starbucks and every sugar had to be in the correct order and in the same place which is also a classic sign of Asperger’s Syndrome. He also had a routine as mentioned before Wednesday nights were IHOP nights and Friday nights were movie nights with his friends. A difference in Sam and Asperger’s Syndrome is that he had no difficulty socially. He was very sociable and enjoyed meeting new people. Rita had a couple in her office who were fighting over custody and the mother was crying and Sam went up to her and gave he r a hug to make her feel better. With all this being said I think the movie did an excellent job portraying autism in Sam’s character. It was clear that he struggled in certain aspects of everyday life mentally, but he had no physical disability. One thing I did notice in the movie is that they kept referring to Sam as â€Å"retarded.† This movie came out in 2001 so I am not sure if that is what they were still calling people with exceptionalities but it made me feel ashamed of those people for referring to him that way. This movie impacted me greatly and by the end of it I was in tears. It was amazing to see a person with disability love someone so much and do anything for them and impact so many lives in the process. I have read several movie reviews and most of them say it was an amazing and accurate performance, for example, â€Å"I Am Sam deserves to be remembered for Sean Penns remarkable performance as a mentally challenged man. Penns accuracy, his lack of condescension or sentiment, and his w illingness to inhabit his character without any implicit commentary take what might have been the equivalent of an inflated TV movie and elevate it to the level of art† (LaSalle, 2002). I feel that I got a lot out of this assignment and really enjoyed it. It was great to see the love and compassion that individuals with disabilities feel and how much they can impact society and the lives of others. It shows that even though they have a disability they are first and foremost a person who can feel and express themselves, just a little bit differently. I think this was the entire purpose of the movie; to make the viewer feel sympathy for Sam but also realize that he is not so different after all.

Contract Law Problem Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Contract Law Problem Question - Essay Example In this respect, clients can pay in full or incur partial payment processes to obtain the same products1. From this perspective, the willing buyer-seller technique relies on participant’s ability to come to an agreement on which method to apprehend a decision. When a debtor makes partial payment to a creditor, who has the right to end the agreement? In an event that both decide to settle before completion of the contract, who takes responsibility? The belief that the law binds a promisor to his promises raises many questions on the boundary of such aptitudes. Agreements are very important; nevertheless, the main question remains how to address disputes in contracts2. According to promissory estoppel, any creditor who formally or informally notifies a debtor of forgiving a commitment has no right to claim the same. In the case of Orlando and Kate, the latter chose a system of payment for buying a car worth $2500 by compensating in double instalments of $1250. Certainly, this pegged to her income that could not allow her pay a lump some for the same product. The mutual agreement between the two; however, did not materialize after Kate lost her job hence failing to pay for the second instalment. Worried about making losses, Orlando settled o n an additional $625 and a bottle of wine as a token of appreciation from Kate. Notably, this marked the end of their agreement of the sale and hence termination of the contract. Nonetheless, Orlando after hearing of Kate’s luck in finding another job intends to seek for the additional fee. Notably, Kate has no obligation to pay the remaining amount considering that Orlando agreed to new terms. The Law of promissory estoppel guards Kate against Orlando’s idea to demand more money. On the other hand, the doctrine of part payment debt assumes that partial payment of a debt does not hinder the creditor from fully enforcing the intention to settle. From this

Ethanol Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethanol Summary - Essay Example In addition to DOE's efforts to reduce carbon emissions, one approach of the Office of Fossil Energy is to work on sequestering greenhouse gases that "might one day virtually eliminate concerns over emissions of greenhouse gases from fossil energy systems. Carbon capture and sequestration systems could store, convert, or recycle greenhouse gases, preventing them from building up the atmosphere." Another initiative called Advance Energy Initiative of the agency is to empower the development in maintaining ecological balance to offer the people clean, cost-efficient, and healthy energy services. Given all the information, it does not suggest the alternative of conserving energy, because only the reduction of GHG emissions has been emphasized. However, DOE plans to reduce global warming gases based on the agency's initiative to partner with volunteers, and the strategies formed to deal with the ecological problem. Plans such as these can be a good alternative to the Kyoto Protocol because they share the same goal to reduce GHG emissions. One suggestion that I can offer the U.S.

Evolution of the 19th Century European Paintings Term Paper

Evolution of the 19th Century European Paintings - Term Paper Example Towards the age of enlightenment in the 18th century, perceptions have been changed. Art is then described as a pursuit or profession in which skill is geared towards the achievement of taste or creation of what is beautiful. And although the skill is there, art is further associated with taste, class, elegance, and beauty. An account has been made that Mme. de Pompadour contributed in the development of new standards for such taste and elegance, but also did so much to heighten the status of the artists in the society. During this century, artists and writers became frequent guests in aristocratic rendezvous.In the 19th century, artists already began to show more extensive emancipations with conventional ideas and techniques, interpretation, and appropriate subject matter. The manifestations of the artists' skills are greatly shown in their works. Their ideas of beauty and creativity coupled with their skills were radiated to superior works of art that have entertained spectators. W ith this, artists held special and sublime class, in some ways distinct from ordinary humans. Another noted consideration of the 19th-century perception of art and its relation to the present day is the ability of paintings to persuade and teach. At that time, it has been the most powerful visual image and the window of people to get information about the world around them. Thus, wealthy and powerful supporters used art for the purpose of education. This concept has transcended to the creation highly technological visual images used today. Somehow, the theories that apply to the use of art during the olden centuries have been handed down to current generations. It is a very important tool to facilitate learning and it continuously advances to graphic designs in cyber technology. Also during the 19th century is the spread of democracy and at this stage, avenues have been provided for artists that allowed them to present vast diversity of visions and messages. This was also because of the fact that there has been an increase in the middle class that already patronize their works; like today, exhibits are held to publicly display an artist' masterpieces. There were still convictions, as there have been in the past, in the supremacy of art to shape human minds. But now, these works of art became expressions of visions and the thus the artists were foreseen as prophets. They somehow provide moral and spiritual guidance and to project beauty and significance for the emergence of the industrial age; to reinvent and develop the visual arena to meet the changing times. As noted in the past, the later years of the 19th century gave rise to significant movements such as modernism, impressionism, expressionism, and symbolism. In many ways, these movements are clearly s een in today's concept of arts. The quest for innovation and updated-ness is inherent in the artist's goal of producing fine arts. Nonetheless, there are still many who remain to patronize the traditional, nostalgic techniques and endeavored to hinder the accelerating rate of change. The appearances of such arts are with intricate, elaborate, and decorative details, as opposed to modernist penchant to simplify forms and diminish decorative details. Similar to present setting, there is a diverse range of themes in modern paintings. There may a touch of contemporary inspiration or the traditional and melancholy mood. However these